9.5.0 / 2026-04-20

• feat(debug): add timestamp option to debug output #16216 rejunp
• feat(query): add cloneUpdate option to explicitly disable update cloning #16230 #16202
• feat(query): extend defaults query option to find() #16226 sderrow
• fix(query): avoid cloning update until absolutely necessary to better support updates with __proto__ #16230 #16202
• fix(query): avoid treating documents with a $set() method as objects with a $set property when casting updates #16230
• fix(queryHelpers): pass default options to discriminators #16227 #16226
• fix(document): handle including and excluding nested paths with optimistic concurrency #16177 #16054
• fix(model): throw ObjectParameterError in insertOne() if doc is not an object #16221 IshitaSingh0822
• fix(cast): preserve reason in CastError message after setModel() #16167 White-Devil2839
• perf(model): remove unnecessary clone in findOneAndUpdate() #16230
• perf: use kareem 3.3.0 mongoosejs/kareem#45 #16229
• chore: use TSTyche assertions #16222 mrazauskas