pnpm 12.5.0 on Node.js NPM

pnpm 12.5.0 makes Python a first-class ecosystem, accepts Package URLs in pnpm add, names whole platforms in supportedArchitectures, and gives tasks machine-wide concurrency limits. It also fixes an install that could reuse one package's downloaded tarball for another.

Minor Changes

Installing packages

pnpm add accepts a Package URL in place of a package name. pnpm add pkg:npm/express@4.18.2 saves express to package.json. pnpm add pkg:cargo/serde@1.0.188 saves serde to Cargo.toml. pnpm add pkg:pypi/requests@2.31.0 saves requests to pyproject.toml. pkg is now a reserved specifier prefix, whatever case it is written in, so a named registry can no longer be called pkg.
A registries entry can now name the ecosystem it serves.
```
registries:
  https://internal.example/simple/:
    ecosystem: pypi
  https://pypi.org/simple/:
    ecosystem: pypi
  https://index.crates.io/:
    ecosystem: cargo
```
ecosystem accepts npm, cargo and pypi. An entry that does not name one serves npm, as every entry did before.
An ecosystem with several indexes searches them in the order they are declared. The first index that has a package supplies it, so the one declared last answers what none before it had.
A registries entry may not carry credentials. pnpm reads them from .npmrc, matched by origin, for a PyPI index as for every other package source.

Configuring pnpm

supportedArchitectures now accepts a list of platforms, in place of the os, cpu and libc axes.
```
supportedArchitectures:
  - linux-x64
  - darwin-arm64
  - win32-x64
```
An install prepares for the platforms the list names, and for those only. A platform reads as <os>-<cpu>, with a C library on Linux, as in linux-x64-musl or linux-x64-manylinux_2_28. The Rust target triple of the same machine is accepted too, so x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu names the platform linux-x64 names. A Linux platform that names no C library is the glibc platform. current is the platform the install runs on.
The os, cpu and libc mapping keeps working and keeps its meaning.
Added concurrency groups for tasks. A task in pnpm-workspace.yaml can name a concurrencyGroup. The new concurrencyGroups setting gives each group a limit. At most that many tasks of the group run at once on the machine, counted across every pnpm process, pnpm pipeline included. A task past the limit waits for a running one to finish. A script that calls pnpm run for a task of the same group runs under the slot its parent holds.
```
tasks:
  test:rust:
    concurrencyGroup: cargo
concurrencyGroups:
  cargo: 2
```
tools names the programs pnpm downloads, and mirror says where each one comes from.
```
tools:
  node:
    mirror: https://mirror.example.com/node/download
    channels:
      nightly: https://nightly.example.com/
  bun:
    mirror: https://mirror.example.com/bun
  python:
    mirror: https://mirror.example.com/python-build-standalone/releases
```
node, bun and python can be named. Any other tool is refused.
mirror is the base a tool's own layout hangs off.
channels sends one release channel elsewhere. A channel neither it nor node-mirror:<channel> names is left to mirror. Only node publishes channels, so naming them for another tool is refused.
Set it in the global config.yaml or in PNPM_CONFIG_TOOLS. A pnpm-workspace.yaml that names a tool mirror is ignored.
pnpm pack-app downloads the Node.js it embeds through tools.node. node-mirror:<channel> keeps working and names the same thing as an entry under channels.

Python interpreters and environments

pnpm install now chooses a Python interpreter for each project instead of installing every project with one interpreter #14945. A project is installed with the first interpreter on the machine that its requires-python accepts, so a workspace can hold projects that support different Python versions. pnpm reads .python-version too, and prefers the version it asks for. Set python.executable in pnpm-workspace.yaml to name one interpreter for every project.
pnpm install now installs a Python interpreter when no interpreter on the machine fits the project #14945. The builds are python-build-standalone's, which uv and rye install too. One interpreter is shared by every project on the machine, and a later install uses it without downloading anything. runtimeOnFail decides what an install with no interpreter that fits does, the way it does for a Node.js runtime. error reports the project instead of installing one. warn and ignore install with an interpreter the machine has that the project's requires-python rejects. tools.python.mirror names a mirror.
Python environments now live in the store. Each project keeps only its .venv link, which points at the project's current environment generation under python-envs in the store. A repository with many Python projects no longer holds a .pnpm/python-envs directory in each of them. The next install relinks a .venv that an earlier release published. The old .pnpm/python-envs directory is left in place, since a running program may still use it, and can be deleted once none does. With frozenStore set, pnpm writes nothing to the store, so environments stay in the project's .pnpm/python-envs #15014.
Python environments now use packageImportMethod to import wheel files from the store. Use clone-or-copy for copy-on-write clones with a copy fallback, or copy for independent files. Hardlinked files share writes with the store and other environments.
Isolated Python build environments keep backend writes private with copy-on-write clones or copies.

Python projects and workspaces

pnpm install now installs a Python project's own package, so the project can be imported and the commands in [project.scripts] run right after an install #14945. The installed package points at the source tree, so an edit to a module takes effect without another install. pnpm installs the package of a project that declares a [build-system]. tool.uv.package overrides that either way.
pnpm install now installs a Python project in the workspace from its own source. Declare it under [tool.uv.sources], as shared = { workspace = true } or shared = { path = "../shared", editable = true }. pnpm builds the project with the backend it declares. It installs the build editable, so an edit to the project takes effect without another install.
Approve the build backend under allowBuilds in pnpm-workspace.yaml as a Package URL, as pkg:pypi/hatchling: true. An install that has not approved a backend does not build the projects that need it. The message names the key to add.
pnpm install now refuses a requirement that names a project in the workspace when nothing declares where it comes from. It used to take that name from the index.
The members of a uv workspace can now share one Python environment. Set shared-environment = true under [tool.pnpm.python] in the pyproject.toml that declares [tool.uv.workspace]. pnpm install then resolves every member as one graph into one pylock.toml and one .venv at the workspace root. Two members that require versions of a distribution no release satisfies at once are refused with an error naming both. Each project still gets an environment of its own by default #15015.
Python projects can now select extras and dependency groups through [tool.pnpm.python] in pyproject.toml #14945. Workspace python.extras and python.groups defaults now skip names a project does not define.
pnpm install now reads dynamic Python project metadata from the build backend #14945. Projects with only a requirements.txt file now get a Python environment and lockfile.

Python dependencies and lockfiles

pnpm can now resolve pylock.toml for several platforms and Python versions at once. supportedArchitectures names the platforms to lock for and python.versions the versions. Every platform is paired with every version. One committed lockfile then serves Linux CI and macOS or Windows contributors #14945.
```
supportedArchitectures:
  - linux-x64-manylinux_2_28
  - darwin-arm64
  - win32-x64
python:
  enabled: true
  versions: ['3.12', '3.13']
```
The lockfile pins the wheel each environment takes for a distribution. It marks a package only some environments install. pnpm install takes the packages and wheels of the environment its interpreter matches, and refuses an interpreter none of them stand for. pnpm resolves a project that declares environments itself, not through the server pnprServer names. Naming neither setting locks for the interpreter running the install.
python.overrides and python.constraints pin the versions a Python resolution may pick #14945. pnpm reads uv's own overrides and constraints from pyproject.toml too.
pnpm install now supports Python dependencies from Git repositories #14945. Direct wheel URLs are also supported. Sources can be declared in [tool.uv.sources]. Git dependencies require allowBuilds approval.
pnpm install can install a Python release that publishes no wheel this interpreter accepts, by building the source distribution the index serves beside it #14945. The archive is pinned in pylock.toml by name and SHA-256. A later install replays it from the store, offline included. Building a source distribution runs the release's own build backend. Approve it with pkg:pypi/<distribution>: true under allowBuilds.
A resolution that finds no version of a distribution now says why. It tells apart a distribution no index publishes, one whose releases publish nothing this interpreter can install, and one whose versions the project's requirements exclude.

Patch Changes

Installing packages

pnpm no longer reuses one package's downloaded tarball for another package whose resolution pins a different integrity hash to the same URL #15021.
pnpm install and pnpm add now report an error when package.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, pyproject.toml or another file they snapshot before installing is a named pipe or a device. The command used to wait forever for something to write to it.
pnpm install --prod and pnpm install --dev now record every dependency group in pnpm-lock.yaml. node_modules still holds only the groups the filter selects. They used to write the filter into the lockfile, so a later pnpm install --frozen-lockfile rejected it. pnpm prune --prod, pnpm prune --dev, and pnpm prune --no-optional behave the same way #14912.
POSIX bin shims now convert a Windows-form path such as C:\node_modules\.bin\tsc correctly. The shim mangled the backslashes in such a path and could not reach the package it runs. Installing again replaces the shims already in node_modules #14867.
Two pnpm processes installing one workspace at the same time no longer fail on Windows with "Access is denied" while writing node_modules/.pnpm-workspace-state-v1.json. The write now retries the transient lock the other process holds, as pnpm's other file writes do.
pnpm now reads the manifest from the tarball when a pnpmfile resolvers hook returns a resolution without one. Such a package installed alone, with none of its own dependencies and no warning #15000.
pnpm install now merges Git conflict markers in pnpm-lock.yaml. It parses both sides of the conflict and keeps the versions they locked. A conflict in the config dependencies recorded at the top of the lockfile is merged too #14880.

Cargo projects

pnpm install can now generate Cargo.lock for workspaces with path or Git [patch] and [replace] overrides. Adding, removing, and updating crates also preserve these overrides #14950.
Cargo lockfile resolution blocks unsupported Git transport helpers declared by transitive dependencies.
pnpm install now vendors recursive Git submodules for Cargo dependencies at their pinned commits. Cargo builds can use these sources offline. Set Git's protocol.file.allow to always to fetch local file submodules. pnpm fetches cached Git crates again on the first online install #14951.
pnpm install now generates Cargo.lock for workspaces with Git dependencies, including a dependency that omits a package version. It also downloads the Rust standard library's dependencies when Cargo configuration enables build-std #14944.
pnpm install now handles weak Cargo features, written crate?/feature. Resolution failed when one dependency turned on an optional crate and another asked for a weak feature of it #14960. The generated Cargo.lock now also includes the dependencies weak features reference, which Cargo rejected with --locked for crates such as uuid #14978.
pnpm install now generates Cargo.lock when a crate version it considers depends on a release the registry carries only as yanked. pnpm rules that version out and resolves the rest of the graph. Resolution failed with an error such as no non-yanked version of napi-build satisfies ^3.0.0-beta #14952.
pnpm install now falls back to an older semver-incompatible version of a crate when the newest one a dependency range allows cannot be resolved. Ranges such as >=1, <3 span several of them #14962.

Python projects

pnpm install now honors uv workspace members when discovering Python projects. When no uv workspace declares a project, pnpm skips projects under conventional example, demo, documentation, template, test, tests, and test fixture directories #15058.
pnpm install --filter <selector> now installs only the Python projects the selection asks for. A Python project that shares a directory with an npm workspace project is selected with that project. A Python project in a directory of its own is selected by the distribution it declares, by its path, or through the [tool.uv.sources] entries that reach it. Under --fail-if-no-match, a selector that names only a Python project is a match. pnpm add --filter <selector> pypi:<package> writes the requirement to every selected project #14945.
pnpm install now installs wheels whose RECORD hashes disagree with their contents. The wheel archive's locked SHA-256 hash remains verified. pnpm writes correct hashes to the installed RECORD #15061.
pnpm install now installs a Python wheel whose WHEEL file lists tags that differ from the ones in its filename. A wheel whose filename tags were changed after the build, such as mysql-connector-python, was rejected #14945.
A Python release whose wheel metadata declares a requirement pnpm cannot read no longer fails the install. pnpm now resolves the project against the other releases of that package, and reports the unreadable requirement when none of them works.
pnpm install no longer fails when a Python index lists a file pnpm cannot use, such as a release with no SHA-256 digest or an unreadable wheel filename. That file is left out and the project resolves against the remaining releases.
pnpm add pypi:<package> in a directory that has no pyproject.toml now names the missing file and says where to run the command. It used to fail with a bare No such file or directory (os error 2) #14945.

Performance

pnpm audit no longer hangs on dependency graphs with many shared dependencies #15005.
Sped up pnpm install in Python workspaces with many projects. Projects now prepare concurrently. Projects with identical registry requirements also share fresh dependency resolutions #14945.
Repeat installs through the Node-API bindings now return "Already up to date" when the project manifests still match pnpm-lock.yaml. Before, every such install reinstalled the whole tree. An install also no longer reinstalls when pnpm-lock.yaml differs from the installed dependencies only by packages no project depends on or by top-level keys pnpm does not define.

Other commands

pnpm deploy now links commands exposed by workspace dependencies into the deployed project's node_modules/.bin directory #14899.
pnpm dlx and pnx now prompt to approve dependency build scripts in interactive terminals #14943. Cached packages with pending builds also prompt for approval. Without an interactive terminal, use --allow-build to allow the required builds.
pnpm add -g and pnpm update -g now ignore incomplete unrelated global package groups when every command from the replaced group is retained. Operations that could remove a global command still require complete ownership information.
pnpm pack now writes tarball entries grouped by file extension and file name, the order npm uses. Packages that ship many same-named files, such as template collections, pack much smaller #14766.
pnpm outdated --long fills the Details column with the package homepage again #14886.