• Merge pull request #442 from kaitranntt/kai/feat/426-block-image-read
• fix(hooks): add network errors to noRetryPatterns, update E2E test
• refactor(hooks): deprecate block-image-read, add CLIProxy fallback
• feat(hooks): skip image analyzer for Claude Sub accounts
• feat(hooks): inject image analyzer hooks into all profile types
• feat(hooks): add ANTHROPIC_MODEL fallback for image analysis
• feat(hooks): extend image analyzer to all CLIProxy providers