Merged PRs

dolt

8427: Fix AllSchemas for detached head
8424: Add information_schema test for detached head
8420: Check for StringType support before casting
Check for StringType support before casting, now that Doltgres extended types can support query types without implementing StringType.
8418: Properly Read and Write DECIMAL types with Parquet
Turns out Parquet has a thing called convertedType in the schema encoding, which we weren't using.
This PR adds that option to Decimals
fixes: #8384
8415: Clean up table functions, fix dolt_patch for doltgres
Can unskip this Doltgres test
8411: Return schema.table for table name columns in dolt diff/status tables and functions for doltgres
8409: dolt fsck
Full object scan implementation of dolt fsck
This implementation does not support walking the commit history or internal references.
8404: use global variable for default unix socket file path
Related: dolthub/doltgresql#779
8403: Fix dolt_docs for doltgres
8402: More TableName fixes for system tables / related methods
8401: Fix dolt_schemas for doltgres
8400: perf test for proj refactor
8399: Use the a type comparator for merge, not the generic comparator
8393: Pass nil sql.QueryFlags to planbuilder.Binder and bump
companion pr: dolthub/go-mysql-server#2676

2683: use global parser for engine
2681: Add support for setting/dropping column type and nullability
Allows altering column type and a column's not null constraint without having to respecify the full column definition. Needed for Postgres' more modular ALTER TABLE syntax.
Dependent on: dolthub/vitess#367
2679: sql/rowexec: merge_join.go: Fix dropped error in incLeft and incRight.
This fixes a bug where certain joins were not able to be canceled in a timely manner by canceling their Context.
2678: Support information_schema views/tables hooks for doltgres
2676: Optimization: Defer Projections for Server Queries
This PR speeds up spooling queries from the server to client when there is a top level projection.
Changes include:
- remove unnecessary double allocation of NewROw
- defer projections until RowToSQL to avoid one extra allocation of sql.Row
  Additionally, this PR cleans up and refactors some code surrounding projections.
2674: refactor resultForDefaultIter
Reorganizes some code, and removes one unnecessary sql.Row allocation.
Tiny performance improvement.

367: Adding AST support for setting/dropping column attributes
AST support for altering type and not null constraint, without having to respecify the full column definition. Needed to support Postgres' more modular ALTER TABLE syntax.
366: allow validate password variables