besu-eth/besu 25.9.0 on GitHub

25.9.0 - Fusaka Testnet Release

Important

This is an optional update for Mainnet users. This is a required update for Holesky, Sepolia and Hoodi users for the upcoming Fusaka hardfork. There is likely to be another release before Hoodi and maybe before Sepolia.

Fusaka Hardfork details: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7607#activation

Holešky scheduled to fork on 2025-10-01 08:48:00
Sepolia scheduled to fork on 2025-10-14 07:36:00
Hoodi scheduled to fork on 2025-10-28 18:53:12

Known issues

Affects users of eth_subscribe (WebSocket) eg SSV, and ethstats integration

symptom: io.vertx.core.json.EncodeException: Failed to encode as JSON: Java 8 optional type
fixes and more info: #9212 and #9220
if you experience this issue, you can downgrade to the previous released version of Besu, or build off main if that is an option for your environment.
fixes will be included in the next Besu release.

Breaking Changes

Remove deprecated option --bonsai-maximum-back-layers-to-load (deprecated since 23.4.0). Use --bonsai-historical-block-limit instead

Upcoming Breaking Changes

Deprecated CLI options
- --Xbonsai-parallel-tx-processing-enabled is deprecated since 25.7.0. Use --bonsai-parallel-tx-processing-enabled instead.
- --Xsnapsync-server-enabled is deprecated since 25.7.0. Use --snapsync-server-enabled instead.
- --Xsnapsync-synchronizer-pre-merge-headers-only-enabled is deprecated since 25.7.0. Use --snapsync-synchronizer-pre-checkpoint-headers-only-enabled instead.
- --Xhistory-expiry-prune is deprecated since 25.7.0. Use --history-expiry-prune instead.
Sunsetting features - for more context on the reasoning behind the deprecation of these features, including alternative options, read this blog post
- Proof of Work consensus (PoW)
- Fast Sync

Additions and Improvements

Update log4j #9131
Update netty #9156
Expose new method to query hardfork by block number Plugin API #9115
Support loading multiple transaction selector plugins #8743
Configurable limit for how much time plugins are allowed take, to propose transactions, during block creation #9184
Add Osaka, BPO1 and BPO2 fork times for holesky, hoodi and sepolia #9196

Performance

Add jmh benchmarks for some compute-related opcodes #9069
Improve EcRecover precompile performance #9053
Improve CallDataCopy worst case scenario #9152
Improve EEST mod_vul_guido_3_even use case #9158
Improve FCU performance in case of long non finality issues #9193

New Contributors

@0xMushow made their first contribution in #9137

Full Changelog: 25.8.0...25.9.0

e8f93cd8f9ca4f56346c2cc04b93437f25dbf455b387f72c0e3a0fdd4bc930f1 besu-25.9.0.zip
8f881667ae5e62970270d8184e6555657b12b3f9fa1c77114f7f8497118f6bc6 besu-25.9.0.tar.gz