activejob 8.1.0.beta1 on Ruby Gems

Active Support

Add ActiveSupport::Cache::Store#namespace= and #namespace.
Can be used as an alternative to Store#clear in some situations such as parallel
testing.
Nick Schwaderer
Create parallel_worker_id helper for running parallel tests. This allows users to
know which worker they are currently running in.
Nick Schwaderer
Make the cache of ActiveSupport::Cache::Strategy::LocalCache::Middleware updatable.
If the cache client at Rails.cache of a booted application changes, the corresponding
mounted middleware needs to update in order for request-local caches to be setup properly.
Otherwise, redundant cache operations will erroneously hit the datastore.
Gannon McGibbon

Add assert_events_reported test helper for ActiveSupport::EventReporter.

This new assertion allows testing multiple events in a single block, regardless of order:

assert_events_reported([
  { name: "user.created", payload: { id: 123 } },
  { name: "email.sent", payload: { to: "user@example.com" } }
]) do
  create_user_and_send_welcome_email
end

George Ma

Add ActiveSupport::TimeZone#standard_name method.

zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone['Hawaii']
# Old way
ActiveSupport::TimeZone::MAPPING[zone.name]
# New way
zone.standard_name # => 'Pacific/Honolulu'

Bogdan Gusiev

Add Structured Event Reporter, accessible via Rails.event.

The Event Reporter provides a unified interface for producing structured events in Rails
applications:

Rails.event.notify("user.signup", user_id: 123, email: "user@example.com")

It supports adding tags to events:

Rails.event.tagged("graphql") do
  # Event includes tags: { graphql: true }
  Rails.event.notify("user.signup", user_id: 123, email: "user@example.com")
end

As well as context:

# All events will contain context: {request_id: "abc123", shop_id: 456}
Rails.event.set_context(request_id: "abc123", shop_id: 456)

Events are emitted to subscribers. Applications register subscribers to
control how events are serialized and emitted. Subscribers must implement
an #emit method, which receives the event hash:

class LogSubscriber
  def emit(event)
    payload = event[:payload].map { |key, value| "#{key}=#{value}" }.join(" ")
    source_location = event[:source_location]
    log = "[#{event[:name]}] #{payload} at #{source_location[:filepath]}:#{source_location[:lineno]}"
    Rails.logger.info(log)
  end
end

Adrianna Chang

Make ActiveSupport::Logger #freeze-friendly.
Joshua Young
Make ActiveSupport::Gzip.compress deterministic based on input.
ActiveSupport::Gzip.compress used to include a timestamp in the output,
causing consecutive calls with the same input data to have different output
if called during different seconds. It now always sets the timestamp to 0
so that the output is identical for any given input.
Rob Brackett
Given an array of Thread::Backtrace::Location objects, the new method
ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner#clean_locations returns an array with the
clean ones:
```
clean_locations = backtrace_cleaner.clean_locations(caller_locations)
```
Filters and silencers receive strings as usual. However, the path
attributes of the locations in the returned array are the original,
unfiltered ones, since locations are immutable.
Xavier Noria
Improve CurrentAttributes and ExecutionContext state managment in test cases.
Previously these two global state would be entirely cleared out whenever calling
into code that is wrapped by the Rails executor, typically Action Controller or
Active Job helpers:
```
test "#index works" do
  CurrentUser.id = 42
  get :index
  CurrentUser.id == nil
end
```
Now re-entering the executor properly save and restore that state.
Jean Boussier
The new method ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner#first_clean_location
returns the first clean location of the caller's call stack, or nil.
Locations are Thread::Backtrace::Location objects. Useful when you want to
report the application-level location where something happened as an object.
Xavier Noria
FileUpdateChecker and EventedFileUpdateChecker ignore changes in Gem.path now.
Ermolaev Andrey, zzak
The new method ActiveSupport::BacktraceCleaner#first_clean_frame returns
the first clean frame of the caller's backtrace, or nil. Useful when you
want to report the application-level frame where something happened as a
string.
Xavier Noria
Always clear CurrentAttributes instances.
Previously CurrentAttributes instance would be reset at the end of requests.
Meaning its attributes would be re-initialized.
This is problematic because it assume these objects don't hold any state
other than their declared attribute, which isn't always the case, and
can lead to state leak across request.
Now CurrentAttributes instances are abandoned at the end of a request,
and a new instance is created at the start of the next request.
Jean Boussier, Janko Marohnić
Add public API for before_fork_hook in parallel testing.
Introduces a public API for calling the before fork hooks implemented by parallel testing.
```
parallelize_before_fork do
    # perform an action before test processes are forked
end
```
Eileen M. Uchitelle
Implement ability to skip creating parallel testing databases.
With parallel testing, Rails will create a database per process. If this isn't
desirable or you would like to implement databases handling on your own, you can
now turn off this default behavior.
To skip creating a database per process, you can change it via the
parallelize method:
```
parallelize(workers: 10, parallelize_databases: false)
```
or via the application configuration:
```
config.active_support.parallelize_databases = false
```
Eileen M. Uchitelle
Allow to configure maximum cache key sizes
When the key exceeds the configured limit (250 bytes by default), it will be truncated and
the digest of the rest of the key appended to it.
Note that previously ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore allowed up to 1kb cache keys before
truncation, which is now reduced to 250 bytes.
```
config.cache_store = :redis_cache_store, { max_key_size: 64 }
```
fatkodima
Use UNLINK command instead of DEL in ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore for non-blocking deletion.
Aron Roh

Add Cache#read_counter and Cache#write_counter

Rails.cache.write_counter("foo", 1)
Rails.cache.read_counter("foo") # => 1
Rails.cache.increment("foo")
Rails.cache.read_counter("foo") # => 2

Alex Ghiculescu

Introduce ActiveSupport::Testing::ErrorReporterAssertions#capture_error_reports

Captures all reported errors from within the block that match the given
error class.

reports = capture_error_reports(IOError) do
  Rails.error.report(IOError.new("Oops"))
  Rails.error.report(IOError.new("Oh no"))
  Rails.error.report(StandardError.new)
end

assert_equal 2, reports.size
assert_equal "Oops", reports.first.error.message
assert_equal "Oh no", reports.last.error.message

Andrew Novoselac

Introduce ActiveSupport::ErrorReporter#add_middleware
When reporting an error, the error context middleware will be called with the reported error
and base execution context. The stack may mutate the context hash. The mutated context will
then be passed to error subscribers. Middleware receives the same parameters as ErrorReporter#report.
Andrew Novoselac, Sam Schmidt
Change execution wrapping to report all exceptions, including Exception.
If a more serious error like SystemStackError or NoMemoryError happens,
the error reporter should be able to report these kinds of exceptions.
Gannon McGibbon
ActiveSupport::Testing::Parallelization.before_fork_hook allows declaration of callbacks that
are invoked immediately before forking test workers.
Mike Dalessio

Allow the #freeze_time testing helper to accept a date or time argument.

Time.current # => Sun, 09 Jul 2024 15:34:49 EST -05:00
freeze_time Time.current + 1.day
sleep 1
Time.current # => Mon, 10 Jul 2024 15:34:49 EST -05:00

Joshua Young

ActiveSupport::JSON now accepts options
It is now possible to pass options to ActiveSupport::JSON:
```
ActiveSupport::JSON.decode('{"key": "value"}', symbolize_names: true) # => { key: "value" }
```
matthaigh27

ActiveSupport::Testing::NotificationAssertions's assert_notification now matches against payload subsets by default.

Previously the following assertion would fail due to excess key vals in the notification payload. Now with payload subset matching, it will pass.

assert_notification("post.submitted", title: "Cool Post") do
  ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("post.submitted", title: "Cool Post", body: "Cool Body")
end

Additionally, you can now persist a matched notification for more customized assertions.

notification = assert_notification("post.submitted", title: "Cool Post") do
  ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument("post.submitted", title: "Cool Post", body: Body.new("Cool Body"))
end

assert_instance_of(Body, notification.payload[:body])

Nicholas La Roux

Deprecate String#mb_chars and ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars.
These APIs are a relic of the Ruby 1.8 days when Ruby strings weren't encoding
aware. There is no legitimate reasons to need these APIs today.
Jean Boussier
Deprecate ActiveSupport::Configurable
Sean Doyle
nil.to_query("key") now returns key.
Previously it would return key=, preventing round tripping with Rack::Utils.parse_nested_query.
Erol Fornoles
Avoid wrapping redis in a ConnectionPool when using ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore if the :redis
option is already a ConnectionPool.
Joshua Young
Alter ERB::Util.tokenize to return :PLAIN token with full input string when string doesn't contain ERB tags.
Martin Emde
Fix a bug in ERB::Util.tokenize that causes incorrect tokenization when ERB tags are preceded by multibyte characters.
Martin Emde
Add ActiveSupport::Testing::NotificationAssertions module to help with testing ActiveSupport::Notifications.
Nicholas La Roux, Yishu See, Sean Doyle
ActiveSupport::CurrentAttributes#attributes now will return a new hash object on each call.
Previously, the same hash object was returned each time that method was called.
fatkodima

ActiveSupport::JSON.encode supports CIDR notation.

Previously:

ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(IPAddr.new("172.16.0.0/24")) # => "\"172.16.0.0\""

After this change:

ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(IPAddr.new("172.16.0.0/24")) # => "\"172.16.0.0/24\""

Taketo Takashima

Make ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker faster when checking many file-extensions.
Jonathan del Strother

Active Model

Add except_on: option for validation callbacks.
Ben Sheldon

Backport ActiveRecord::Normalization to ActiveModel::Attributes::Normalization

class User
  include ActiveModel::Attributes
  include ActiveModel::Attributes::Normalization

  attribute :email, :string

  normalizes :email, with: -> email { email.strip.downcase }
end

user = User.new
user.email =    " CRUISE-CONTROL@EXAMPLE.COM\n"
user.email # => "cruise-control@example.com"

Sean Doyle

Active Record

Remove deprecated :unsigned_float and :unsigned_decimal column methods for MySQL.
Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated :retries option for the SQLite3 adapter.
Rafael Mendonça França
Introduce new database configuration options keepalive, max_age, and
min_connections -- and rename pool to max_connections to match.
There are no changes to default behavior, but these allow for more specific
control over pool behavior.
Matthew Draper, Chris AtLee, Rachael Wright-Munn
Move LIMIT validation from query generation to when limit() is called.
Hartley McGuire, Shuyang
Add ActiveRecord::CheckViolation error class for check constraint violations.
Ryuta Kamizono
Add ActiveRecord::ExclusionViolation error class for exclusion constraint violations.
When an exclusion constraint is violated in PostgreSQL, the error will now be raised
as ActiveRecord::ExclusionViolation instead of the generic ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid,
making it easier to handle these specific constraint violations in application code.
This follows the same pattern as other constraint violation error classes like
RecordNotUnique for unique constraint violations and InvalidForeignKey for
foreign key constraint violations.
Ryuta Kamizono
Attributes filtered by filter_attributes will now also be filtered by filter_parameters
so sensitive information is not leaked.
Jill Klang

Add connection.current_transaction.isolation API to check current transaction's isolation level.

Returns the isolation level if it was explicitly set via the isolation: parameter
or through ActiveRecord.with_transaction_isolation_level, otherwise returns nil.
Nested transactions return the parent transaction's isolation level.

# Returns nil when no transaction
User.connection.current_transaction.isolation # => nil

# Returns explicitly set isolation level
User.transaction(isolation: :serializable) do
  User.connection.current_transaction.isolation # => :serializable
end

# Returns nil when isolation not explicitly set
User.transaction do
  User.connection.current_transaction.isolation # => nil
end

# Nested transactions inherit parent's isolation
User.transaction(isolation: :read_committed) do
  User.transaction do
    User.connection.current_transaction.isolation # => :read_committed
  end
end

Kir Shatrov

Emit a warning for pg gem < 1.6.0 when using PostgreSQL 18+
Yasuo Honda

Fix #merge with #or or #and and a mixture of attributes and SQL strings resulting in an incorrect query.

base = Comment.joins(:post).where(user_id: 1).where("recent = 1")
puts base.merge(base.where(draft: true).or(Post.where(archived: true))).to_sql

Before:

SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments"
INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."id" = "comments"."post_id"
WHERE (recent = 1)
AND (
  "comments"."user_id" = 1
  AND (recent = 1)
  AND "comments"."draft" = 1
  OR "posts"."archived" = 1
)

After:

SELECT "comments".* FROM "comments"
INNER JOIN "posts" ON "posts"."id" = "comments"."post_id"
WHERE "comments"."user_id" = 1
AND (recent = 1)
AND (
  "comments"."user_id" = 1
  AND (recent = 1)
  AND "comments"."draft" = 1
  OR "posts"."archived" = 1
)

Joshua Young

Make schema dumper to account for ActiveRecord.dump_schemas when dumping in :ruby format.
fatkodima

Add :touch option to update_column/update_columns methods.

# Will update :updated_at/:updated_on alongside :nice column.
user.update_column(:nice, true, touch: true)

# Will update :updated_at/:updated_on alongside :last_ip column
user.update_columns(last_ip: request.remote_ip, touch: true)

Dmitrii Ivliev

Optimize Active Record batching further when using ranges.
Tested on a PostgreSQL table with 10M records and batches of 10k records, the generation
of relations for the 1000 batches was 4.8x faster (6.8s vs. 1.4s), used 900x
less bandwidth (180MB vs. 0.2MB) and allocated 45x less memory (490MB vs. 11MB).
Maxime Réty, fatkodima
Include current character length in error messages for index and table name length validations.
Joshua Young
Add rename_schema method for PostgreSQL.
T S Vallender
Implement support for deprecating associations:
```
has_many :posts, deprecated: true
```
With that, Active Record will report any usage of the posts association.
Three reporting modes are supported (:warn, :raise, and :notify), and
backtraces can be enabled or disabled. Defaults are :warn mode and
disabled backtraces.
Please, check the docs for further details.
Xavier Noria
PostgreSQL adapter create DB now supports locale_provider and locale.
Bengt-Ove Hollaender
Use ntuples to populate row_count instead of count for Postgres
Jonathan Calvert
Fix checking whether an unpersisted record is include?d in a strictly
loaded has_and_belongs_to_many association.
Hartley McGuire
Add ability to change transaction isolation for all pools within a block.
This functionality is useful if your application needs to change the database
transaction isolation for a request or action.
Calling ActiveRecord.with_transaction_isolation_level(level) {} in an around filter or
middleware will set the transaction isolation for all pools accessed within the block,
but not for the pools that aren't.
This works with explicit and implicit transactions:
```
ActiveRecord.with_transaction_isolation_level(:read_committed) do
  Tag.transaction do # opens a transaction explicitly
    Tag.create!
  end
end
```
```
ActiveRecord.with_transaction_isolation_level(:read_committed) do
  Tag.create! # opens a transaction implicitly
end
```
Eileen M. Uchitelle
Raise ActiveRecord::MissingRequiredOrderError when order dependent finder methods (e.g. #first, #last) are
called without order values on the relation, and the model does not have any order columns (implicit_order_column,
query_constraints, or primary_key) to fall back on.
This change will be introduced with a new framework default for Rails 8.1, and the current behavior of not raising
an error has been deprecated with the aim of removing the configuration option in Rails 8.2.
```
config.active_record.raise_on_missing_required_finder_order_columns = true
```
Joshua Young
:class_name is now invalid in polymorphic belongs_to associations.
Reason is :class_name does not make sense in those associations because
the class name of target records is dynamic and stored in the type column.
Existing polymorphic associations setting this option can just delete it.
While it did not raise, it had no effect anyway.
Xavier Noria
Add support for multiple databases to db:migrate:reset.
Joé Dupuis
Add affected_rows to ActiveRecord::Result.
Jenny Shen
Enable passing retryable SqlLiterals to #where.
Hartley McGuire
Set default for primary keys in insert_all/upsert_all.
Previously in Postgres, updating and inserting new records in one upsert wasn't possible
due to null primary key values. nil primary key values passed into insert_all/upsert_all
are now implicitly set to the default insert value specified by adapter.
Jenny Shen
Add a load hook active_record_database_configurations for ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations
Mike Dalessio
Use TRUE and FALSE for SQLite queries with boolean columns.
Hartley McGuire
Bump minimum supported SQLite to 3.23.0.
Hartley McGuire
Allow allocated Active Records to lookup associations.
Previously, the association cache isn't setup on allocated record objects, so association
lookups will crash. Test frameworks like mocha use allocate to check for stubbable instance
methods, which can trigger an association lookup.
Gannon McGibbon

Encryption now supports support_unencrypted_data: true being set per-attribute.

Previously this only worked if ActiveRecord::Encryption.config.support_unencrypted_data == true.
Now, if the global config is turned off, you can still opt in for a specific attribute.

# ActiveRecord::Encryption.config.support_unencrypted_data = true
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  encrypts :name, support_unencrypted_data: false # only supports encrypted data
  encrypts :email # supports encrypted or unencrypted data
end

# ActiveRecord::Encryption.config.support_unencrypted_data = false
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  encrypts :name, support_unencrypted_data: true # supports encrypted or unencrypted data
  encrypts :email  # only supports encrypted data
end

Alex Ghiculescu

Model generator no longer needs a database connection to validate column types.
Mike Dalessio
Allow signed ID verifiers to be configurable via Rails.application.message_verifiers
Prior to this change, the primary way to configure signed ID verifiers was
to set signed_id_verifier on each model class:
```
Post.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new(...)
Comment.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new(...)
```
And if the developer did not set signed_id_verifier, a verifier would be
instantiated with a secret derived from secret_key_base and the following
options:
```
{ digest: "SHA256", serializer: JSON, url_safe: true }
```
Thus it was cumbersome to rotate configuration for all verifiers.
This change defines a new Rails config: config.active_record.use_legacy_signed_id_verifier.
The default value is :generate_and_verify, which preserves the previous
behavior. However, when set to :verify, signed ID verifiers will use
configuration from Rails.application.message_verifiers (specifically,
Rails.application.message_verifiers["active_record/signed_id"]) to
generate and verify signed IDs, but will also verify signed IDs using the
older configuration.
To avoid complication, the new behavior only applies when signed_id_verifier_secret
is not set on a model class or any of its ancestors. Additionally,
signed_id_verifier_secret is now deprecated. If you are currently setting
signed_id_verifier_secret on a model class, you can set signed_id_verifier
instead:
```
# BEFORE
Post.signed_id_verifier_secret = "my secret"

# AFTER
Post.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new("my secret", digest: "SHA256", serializer: JSON, url_safe: true)
```
To ease migration, signed_id_verifier has also been changed to behave as a
class_attribute (i.e. inheritable), but only when signed_id_verifier_secret
is not set:
```
# BEFORE
ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new(...)
Post.signed_id_verifier == ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier # => false

# AFTER
ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new(...)
Post.signed_id_verifier == ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier # => true

Post.signed_id_verifier_secret = "my secret" # => deprecation warning
Post.signed_id_verifier == ActiveRecord::Base.signed_id_verifier # => false
```
Note, however, that it is recommended to eventually migrate from
model-specific verifiers to a unified configuration managed by
Rails.application.message_verifiers. ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier#rotate
can facilitate that transition. For example:
```
# BEFORE
# Generate and verify signed Post IDs using Post-specific configuration
Post.signed_id_verifier = ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier.new("post secret", ...)

# AFTER
# Generate and verify signed Post IDs using the unified configuration
Post.signed_id_verifier = Post.signed_id_verifier.dup
# Fall back to Post-specific configuration when verifying signed IDs
Post.signed_id_verifier.rotate("post secret", ...)
```
Ali Sepehri, Jonathan Hefner
Prepend extra_flags in postgres' structure_load
When specifying structure_load_flags with a postgres adapter, the flags
were appended to the default flags, instead of prepended.
This caused issues with flags not being taken into account by postgres.
Alice Loeser
Allow bypassing primary key/constraint addition in implicit_order_column
When specifying multiple columns in an array for implicit_order_column, adding
nil as the last element will prevent appending the primary key to order
conditions. This allows more precise control of indexes used by
generated queries. It should be noted that this feature does introduce the risk
of API misbehavior if the specified columns are not fully unique.
Issy Long
Allow setting the schema_format via database configuration.
```
primary:
  schema_format: ruby
```
Useful for multi-database setups when apps require different formats per-database.
T S Vallender
Support disabling indexes for MySQL v8.0.0+ and MariaDB v10.6.0+
MySQL 8.0.0 added an option to disable indexes from being used by the query
optimizer by making them "invisible". This allows the index to still be maintained
and updated but no queries will be permitted to use it. This can be useful for adding
new invisible indexes or making existing indexes invisible before dropping them
to ensure queries are not negatively affected.
See https://dev.mysql.com/blog-archive/mysql-8-0-invisible-indexes/ for more details.
MariaDB 10.6.0 also added support for this feature by allowing indexes to be "ignored"
in queries. See https://mariadb.com/kb/en/ignored-indexes/ for more details.
Active Record now supports this option for MySQL 8.0.0+ and MariaDB 10.6.0+ for
index creation and alteration where the new index option enabled: true/false can be
passed to column and index methods as below:
```
add_index :users, :email, enabled: false
enable_index :users, :email
add_column :users, :dob, :string, index: { enabled: false }

change_table :users do |t|
  t.index :name, enabled: false
  t.index :dob
  t.disable_index :dob
  t.column :username, :string, index: { enabled: false }
  t.references :account, index: { enabled: false }
end

create_table :users do |t|
  t.string :name, index: { enabled: false }
  t.string :email
  t.index :email, enabled: false
end
```
Merve Taner
Respect implicit_order_column in ActiveRecord::Relation#reverse_order.
Joshua Young
Add column types to ActiveRecord::Result for SQLite3.
Andrew Kane
Raise ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError when pessimistically locking with a readonly role.
Joshua Young
Fix using the SQLite3Adapter's dbconsole method outside of a Rails application.
Hartley McGuire
Fix migrating multiple databases with ActiveRecord::PendingMigration action.
Gannon McGibbon
Enable automatically retrying idempotent association queries on connection
errors.
Hartley McGuire
Add allow_retry to sql.active_record instrumentation.
This enables identifying queries which queries are automatically retryable on connection errors.
Hartley McGuire
Better support UPDATE with JOIN for Postgresql and SQLite3
Previously when generating update queries with one or more JOIN clauses,
Active Record would use a sub query which would prevent to reference the joined
tables in the SET clause, for instance:
```
Comment.joins(:post).update_all("title = posts.title")
```
This is now supported as long as the relation doesn't also use a LIMIT, ORDER or
GROUP BY clause. This was supported by the MySQL adapter for a long time.
Jean Boussier
Introduce a before-fork hook in ActiveSupport::Testing::Parallelization to clear existing
connections, to avoid fork-safety issues with the mysql2 adapter.
Fixes #41776
Mike Dalessio, Donal McBreen
PoolConfig no longer keeps a reference to the connection class.
Keeping a reference to the class caused subtle issues when combined with reloading in
development. Fixes #54343.
Mike Dalessio
Fix SQL notifications sometimes not sent when using async queries.
```
Post.async_count
ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribed(->(*) { "Will never reach here" }) do
  Post.count
end
```
In rare circumstances and under the right race condition, Active Support notifications
would no longer be dispatched after using an asynchronous query.
This is now fixed.
Edouard Chin
Eliminate queries loading dumped schema cache on Postgres
Improve resiliency by avoiding needing to open a database connection to load the
type map while defining attribute methods at boot when a schema cache file is
configured on PostgreSQL databases.
James Coleman
ActiveRecord::Coder::JSON can be instantiated
Options can now be passed to ActiveRecord::Coder::JSON when instantiating the coder. This allows:
```
serialize :config, coder: ActiveRecord::Coder::JSON.new(symbolize_names: true)
```
matthaigh27
Deprecate using insert_all/upsert_all with unpersisted records in associations.
Using these methods on associations containing unpersisted records will now
show a deprecation warning, as the unpersisted records will be lost after
the operation.
Nick Schwaderer
Make column name optional for index_exists?.
This aligns well with remove_index signature as well, where
index name doesn't need to be derived from the column names.
Ali Ismayiliov
Change the payload name of sql.active_record notification for eager
loading from "SQL" to "#{model.name} Eager Load".
zzak
Enable automatically retrying idempotent #exists? queries on connection
errors.
Hartley McGuire, classidied
Deprecate usage of unsupported methods in conjunction with update_all:
update_all will now print a deprecation message if a query includes either WITH,
WITH RECURSIVE or DISTINCT statements. Those were never supported and were ignored
when generating the SQL query.
An error will be raised in a future Rails release. This behavior will be consistent
with delete_all which currently raises an error for unsupported statements.
Edouard Chin
The table columns inside schema.rb are now sorted alphabetically.
Previously they'd be sorted by creation order, which can cause merge conflicts when two
branches modify the same table concurrently.
John Duff
Introduce versions formatter for the schema dumper.
It is now possible to override how schema dumper formats versions information inside the
structure.sql file. Currently, the versions are simply sorted in the decreasing order.
Within large teams, this can potentially cause many merge conflicts near the top of the list.
Now, the custom formatter can be provided with a custom sorting logic (e.g. by hash values
of the versions), which can greatly reduce the number of conflicts.
fatkodima
Serialized attributes can now be marked as comparable.
A not rare issue when working with serialized attributes is that the serialized representation of an object
can change over time. Either because you are migrating from one serializer to the other (e.g. YAML to JSON or to msgpack),
or because the serializer used subtly changed its output.
One example is libyaml that used to have some extra trailing whitespaces, and recently fixed that.
When this sorts of thing happen, you end up with lots of records that report being changed even though
they aren't, which in the best case leads to a lot more writes to the database and in the worst case lead to nasty bugs.
The solution is to instead compare the deserialized representation of the object, however Active Record
can't assume the deserialized object has a working == method. Hence why this new functionality is opt-in.
```
serialize :config, type: Hash, coder: JSON, comparable: true
```
Jean Boussier
Fix MySQL default functions getting dropped when changing a column's nullability.
Bastian Bartmann

SQLite extensions can be configured in config/database.yml.

The database configuration option extensions: allows an application to load SQLite extensions
when using sqlite3 >= v2.4.0. The array members may be filesystem paths or the names of
modules that respond to .to_path:

development:
  adapter: sqlite3
  extensions:
    - SQLean::UUID                     # module name responding to `.to_path`
    - .sqlpkg/nalgeon/crypto/crypto.so # or a filesystem path
    - <%= AppExtensions.location %>    # or ruby code returning a path

Mike Dalessio

ActiveRecord::Middleware::ShardSelector supports granular database connection switching.
A new configuration option, class_name:, is introduced to
config.active_record.shard_selector to allow an application to specify the abstract connection
class to be switched by the shard selection middleware. The default class is
ActiveRecord::Base.
For example, this configuration tells ShardSelector to switch shards using
AnimalsRecord.connected_to:
```
config.active_record.shard_selector = { class_name: "AnimalsRecord" }
```
Mike Dalessio
Reset relations after insert_all/upsert_all.
Bulk insert/upsert methods will now call reset if used on a relation, matching the behavior of update_all.
Milo Winningham
Use _N as a parallel tests databases suffixes
Peviously, -N was used as a suffix. This can cause problems for RDBMSes
which do not support dashes in database names.
fatkodima
Remember when a database connection has recently been verified (for
two seconds, by default), to avoid repeated reverifications during a
single request.
This should recreate a similar rate of verification as in Rails 7.1,
where connections are leased for the duration of a request, and thus
only verified once.
Matthew Draper
Allow to reset cache counters for multiple records.
```
Aircraft.reset_counters([1, 2, 3], :wheels_count)
```
It produces much fewer queries compared to the custom implementation using looping over ids.
Previously: O(ids.size * counters.size) queries, now: O(ids.size + counters.size) queries.
fatkodima
Add affected_rows to sql.active_record Notification.
Hartley McGuire
Fix sum when performing a grouped calculation.
User.group(:friendly).sum no longer worked. This is fixed.
Edouard Chin
Add support for enabling or disabling transactional tests per database.
A test class can now override the default use_transactional_tests setting
for individual databases, which can be useful if some databases need their
current state to be accessible to an external process while tests are running.
```
class MostlyTransactionalTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  self.use_transactional_tests = true
  skip_transactional_tests_for_database :shared
end
```
Matthew Cheetham, Morgan Mareve
Cast query_cache value when using URL configuration.
zzak
NULLS NOT DISTINCT works with UNIQUE CONSTRAINT as well as UNIQUE INDEX.
Ryuta Kamizono
PG::UnableToSend: no connection to the server is now retryable as a connection-related exception
Kazuma Watanabe

Action View

Allow current_page? to match against specific HTTP method(s) with a method: option.
Ben Sheldon
remove autocomplete="off" on hidden inputs generated by form_tag, token_tag, method_tag, and the hidden
parameter fields included in button_to forms will omit the autocomplete="off" attribute.
nkulway
Enable configuring the strategy for tracking dependencies between Action
View templates.
The existing :regex strategy is kept as the default, but with
load_defaults 8.1 the strategy will be :ruby (using a real Ruby parser).
Hartley McGuire

Introduce relative_time_in_words helper

relative_time_in_words(3.minutes.from_now) # => "in 3 minutes"
relative_time_in_words(3.minutes.ago) # => "3 minutes ago"
relative_time_in_words(10.seconds.ago, include_seconds: true) # => "less than 10 seconds ago"

Matheus Richard

Make nonce: false remove the nonce attribute from javascript_tag, javascript_include_tag, and stylesheet_link_tag.
francktrouillez
Add dom_target helper to create dom_id-like strings from an unlimited
number of objects.
Ben Sheldon
Respect html_options[:form] when collection_checkboxes generates the
hidden <input>.
Riccardo Odone
Layouts have access to local variables passed to render.
This fixes #31680 which was a regression in Rails 5.1.
Mike Dalessio
Argument errors related to strict locals in templates now raise an
ActionView::StrictLocalsError, and all other argument errors are reraised as-is.
Previously, any ArgumentError raised during template rendering was swallowed during strict
local error handling, so that an ArgumentError unrelated to strict locals (e.g., a helper
method invoked with incorrect arguments) would be replaced by a similar ArgumentError with an
unrelated backtrace, making it difficult to debug templates.
Now, any ArgumentError unrelated to strict locals is reraised, preserving the original
backtrace for developers.
Also note that ActionView::StrictLocalsError is a subclass of ArgumentError, so any existing
code that rescues ArgumentError will continue to work.
Fixes #52227.
Mike Dalessio
Improve error highlighting of multi-line methods in ERB templates or
templates where the error occurs within a do-end block.
Martin Emde
Fix a crash in ERB template error highlighting when the error occurs on a
line in the compiled template that is past the end of the source template.
Martin Emde
Improve reliability of ERB template error highlighting.
Fix infinite loops and crashes in highlighting and
improve tolerance for alternate ERB handlers.
Martin Emde
Allow hidden_field and hidden_field_tag to accept a custom autocomplete value.
brendon
Add a new configuration content_security_policy_nonce_auto for automatically adding a nonce to the tags affected by the directives specified by the content_security_policy_nonce_directives configuration option.
francktrouillez

Action Pack

Remove deprecated support to a route to multiple paths.
Rafael Mendonça França

Remove deprecated support for using semicolons as a query string separator.

Before:

ActionDispatch::QueryParser.each_pair("foo=bar;baz=quux").to_a
# => [["foo", "bar"], ["baz", "quux"]]

After:

ActionDispatch::QueryParser.each_pair("foo=bar;baz=quux").to_a
# => [["foo", "bar;baz=quux"]]

Rafael Mendonça França

Remove deprecated support to skipping over leading brackets in parameter names in the parameter parser.

Before:

ActionDispatch::ParamBuilder.from_query_string("[foo]=bar") # => { "foo" => "bar" }
ActionDispatch::ParamBuilder.from_query_string("[foo][bar]=baz") # => { "foo" => { "bar" => "baz" } }

After:

ActionDispatch::ParamBuilder.from_query_string("[foo]=bar") # => { "[foo]" => "bar" }
ActionDispatch::ParamBuilder.from_query_string("[foo][bar]=baz") # => { "[foo]" => { "bar" => "baz" } }

Rafael Mendonça França

Deprecate Rails.application.config.action_dispatch.ignore_leading_brackets.
Rafael Mendonça França
Raise ActionController::TooManyRequests error from ActionController::RateLimiting
Requests that exceed the rate limit raise an ActionController::TooManyRequests error.
By default, Action Dispatch rescues the error and responds with a 429 Too Many Requests status.
Sean Doyle

Add .md/.markdown as Markdown extensions and add a default markdown: renderer:

class Page
  def to_markdown
    body
  end
end

class PagesController < ActionController::Base
  def show
    @page = Page.find(params[:id])

    respond_to do |format|
      format.html
      format.md { render markdown: @page }
    end
  end
end

DHH

Add headers to engine routes inspection command
Petrik de Heus
Add "Copy as text" button to error pages
Mikkel Malmberg
Add scope: option to rate_limit method.
Previously, it was not possible to share a rate limit count between several controllers, since the count was by
default separate for each controller.
Now, the scope: option solves this problem.
```
class APIController < ActionController::API
  rate_limit to: 2, within: 2.seconds, scope: "api"
end

class API::PostsController < APIController
  # ...
end

class API::UsersController < APIController
  # ...
end
```
ArthurPV, Kamil Hanus
Add support for rack.response_finished callbacks in ActionDispatch::Executor.
The executor middleware now supports deferring completion callbacks to later
in the request lifecycle by utilizing Rack's rack.response_finished mechanism,
when available. This enables applications to define rack.response_finished callbacks
that may rely on state that would be cleaned up by the executor's completion callbacks.
Adrianna Chang, Hartley McGuire
Produce a log when rescue_from is invoked.
Steven Webb, Jean Boussier

Allow hosts redirects from hosts Rails configuration

config.action_controller.allowed_redirect_hosts << "example.com"

Kevin Robatel

rate_limit.action_controller notification has additional payload
additional values: count, to, within, by, name, cache_key
Jonathan Rochkind
Add JSON support to the built-in health controller.
The health controller now responds to JSON requests with a structured response
containing status and timestamp information. This makes it easier for monitoring
tools and load balancers to consume health check data programmatically.
```
# /up.json
{
  "status": "up",
  "timestamp": "2025-09-19T12:00:00Z"
}
```
Francesco Loreti, Juan Vásquez
Allow to open source file with a crash from the browser.
Igor Kasyanchuk
Always check query string keys for valid encoding just like values are checked.
Casper Smits
Always return empty body for HEAD requests in PublicExceptions and
DebugExceptions.
This is required by Rack::Lint (per RFC9110).
Hartley McGuire

Add comprehensive support for HTTP Cache-Control request directives according to RFC 9111.

Provides a request.cache_control_directives object that gives access to request cache directives:

# Boolean directives
request.cache_control_directives.only_if_cached?  # => true/false
request.cache_control_directives.no_cache?        # => true/false
request.cache_control_directives.no_store?        # => true/false
request.cache_control_directives.no_transform?    # => true/false

# Value directives
request.cache_control_directives.max_age          # => integer or nil
request.cache_control_directives.max_stale        # => integer or nil (or true for valueless max-stale)
request.cache_control_directives.min_fresh        # => integer or nil
request.cache_control_directives.stale_if_error   # => integer or nil

# Special helpers for max-stale
request.cache_control_directives.max_stale?         # => true if max-stale present (with or without value)
request.cache_control_directives.max_stale_unlimited? # => true only for valueless max-stale

Example usage:

def show
  if request.cache_control_directives.only_if_cached?
    @article = Article.find_cached(params[:id])
    return head(:gateway_timeout) if @article.nil?
  else
    @article = Article.find(params[:id])
  end

  render :show
end

egg528

Add assert_in_body/assert_not_in_body as the simplest way to check if a piece of text is in the response body.
DHH
Include cookie name when calculating maximum allowed size.
Hartley McGuire

Implement must-understand directive according to RFC 9111.

The must-understand directive indicates that a cache must understand the semantics of the response status code, or discard the response. This directive is enforced to be used only with no-store to ensure proper cache behavior.

class ArticlesController < ApplicationController
  def show
    @article = Article.find(params[:id])

    if @article.special_format?
      must_understand
      render status: 203 # Non-Authoritative Information
    else
      fresh_when @article
    end
  end
end

heka1024

The JSON renderer doesn't escape HTML entities or Unicode line separators anymore.
Using render json: will no longer escape <, >, &, U+2028 and U+2029 characters that can cause errors
when the resulting JSON is embedded in JavaScript, or vulnerabilities when the resulting JSON is embedded in HTML.
Since the renderer is used to return a JSON document as application/json, it's typically not necessary to escape
those characters, and it improves performance.
Escaping will still occur when the :callback option is set, since the JSON is used as JavaScript code in this
situation (JSONP).
You can use the :escape option or set config.action_controller.escape_json_responses to true to restore the
escaping behavior.
```
class PostsController < ApplicationController
  def index
    render json: Post.last(30), escape: true
  end
end
```
Étienne Barrié, Jean Boussier
Load lazy route sets before inserting test routes
Without loading lazy route sets early, we miss after_routes_loaded callbacks, or risk
invoking them with the test routes instead of the real ones if another load is triggered by an engine.
Gannon McGibbon
Raise AbstractController::DoubleRenderError if head is called after rendering.
After this change, invoking head will lead to an error if response body is already set:
```
class PostController < ApplicationController
  def index
    render locals: {}
    head :ok
  end
end
```
Iaroslav Kurbatov
The Cookie Serializer can now serialize an Active Support SafeBuffer when using message pack.
Such code would previously produce an error if an application was using messagepack as its cookie serializer.
```
class PostController < ApplicationController
  def index
    flash.notice = t(:hello_html) # This would try to serialize a SafeBuffer, which was not possible.
  end
end
```
Edouard Chin
Fix Rails.application.reload_routes! from clearing almost all routes.
When calling Rails.application.reload_routes! inside a middleware of
a Rake task, it was possible under certain conditions that all routes would be cleared.
If ran inside a middleware, this would result in getting a 404 on most page you visit.
This issue was only happening in development.
Edouard Chin

Add resource name to the ArgumentError that's raised when invalid :only or :except options are given to #resource or #resources

This makes it easier to locate the source of the problem, especially for routes drawn by gems.

Before:

:only and :except must include only [:index, :create, :new, :show, :update, :destroy, :edit], but also included [:foo, :bar]

After:

Route `resources :products` - :only and :except must include only [:index, :create, :new, :show, :update, :destroy, :edit], but also included [:foo, :bar]

Jeremy Green

A route pointing to a non-existing controller now returns a 500 instead of a 404.
A controller not existing isn't a routing error that should result
in a 404, but a programming error that should result in a 500 and
be reported.
Until recently, this was hard to untangle because of the support
for dynamic :controller segment in routes, but since this is
deprecated and will be removed in Rails 8.1, we can now easily
not consider missing controllers as routing errors.
Jean Boussier
Add check_collisions option to ActionDispatch::Session::CacheStore.
Newly generated session ids use 128 bits of randomness, which is more than
enough to ensure collisions can't happen, but if you need to harden sessions
even more, you can enable this option to check in the session store that the id
is indeed free you can enable that option. This however incurs an extra write
on session creation.
Shia
In ExceptionWrapper, match backtrace lines with built templates more often,
allowing improved highlighting of errors within do-end blocks in templates.
Fix for Ruby 3.4 to match new method labels in backtrace.
Martin Emde

Allow setting content type with a symbol of the Mime type.

# Before
response.content_type = "text/html"

# After
response.content_type = :html

Petrik de Heus

Active Job

Deprecate built-in sidekiq adapter.
If you're using this adapter, upgrade to sidekiq 7.3.3 or later to use the sidekiq gem's adapter.
fatkodima
Remove deprecated internal SuckerPunch adapter in favor of the adapter included with the sucker_punch gem.
Rafael Mendonça França
Remove support to set ActiveJob::Base.enqueue_after_transaction_commit to :never, :always and :default.
Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated Rails.application.config.active_job.enqueue_after_transaction_commit.
Rafael Mendonça França
ActiveJob::Serializers::ObjectSerializers#klass method is now public.
Custom Active Job serializers must have a public #klass method too.
The returned class will be index allowing for faster serialization.
Jean Boussier

Allow jobs to the interrupted and resumed with Continuations

A job can use Continuations by including the ActiveJob::Continuable
concern. Continuations split jobs into steps. When the queuing system
is shutting down jobs can be interrupted and their progress saved.

class ProcessImportJob
  include ActiveJob::Continuable

  def perform(import_id)
    @import = Import.find(import_id)

    # block format
    step :initialize do
      @import.initialize
    end

    # step with cursor, the cursor is saved when the job is interrupted
    step :process do |step|
      @import.records.find_each(start: step.cursor) do |record|
        record.process
        step.advance! from: record.id
      end
    end

    # method format
    step :finalize

    private
      def finalize
        @import.finalize
      end
  end
end

Donal McBreen

Defer invocation of ActiveJob enqueue callbacks until after commit when
enqueue_after_transaction_commit is enabled.
Will Roever
Add report: option to ActiveJob::Base#retry_on and #discard_on
When the report: option is passed, errors will be reported to the error reporter
before being retried / discarded.
Andrew Novoselac
Accept a block for ActiveJob::ConfiguredJob#perform_later.
This was inconsistent with a regular ActiveJob::Base#perform_later.
fatkodima
Raise a more specific error during deserialization when a previously serialized job class is now unknown.
ActiveJob::UnknownJobClassError will be raised instead of a more generic
NameError to make it easily possible for adapters to tell if the NameError
was raised during job execution or deserialization.
Earlopain

Action Mailer

Add deliver_all_later to enqueue multiple emails at once.
```
user_emails = User.all.map { |user| Notifier.welcome(user) }
ActionMailer.deliver_all_later(user_emails)

# use a custom queue
ActionMailer.deliver_all_later(user_emails, queue: :my_queue)
```
This can greatly reduce the number of round-trips to the queue datastore.
For queue adapters that do not implement the enqueue_all method, we
fall back to enqueuing email jobs indvidually.
fatkodima

Action Cable

Allow passing composite channels to ActionCable::Channel#stream_for – e.g. stream_for [ group, group.owner ]
hey-leon
Allow setting nil as subscription connection identifier for Redis.
Nguyen Nguyen

Active Storage

Remove deprecated :azure storage service.
Rafael Mendonça França
Remove unnecessary calls to the GCP metadata server.
Calling Google::Auth.get_application_default triggers an explicit call to
the metadata server - given it was being called for significant number of
file operations, it can lead to considerable tail latencies and even metadata
server overloads. Instead, it's preferable (and significantly more efficient)
that applications use:
```
Google::Apis::RequestOptions.default.authorization = Google::Auth.get_application_default(...)
```
In the cases applications do not set that, the GCP libraries automatically determine credentials.
This also enables using credentials other than those of the associated GCP
service account like when using impersonation.
Alex Coomans
Direct upload progress accounts for server processing time.
Jeremy Daer

Delegate ActiveStorage::Filename#to_str to #to_s

Supports checking String equality:

filename = ActiveStorage::Filename.new("file.txt")
filename == "file.txt" # => true
filename in "file.txt" # => true
"file.txt" == filename # => true

Sean Doyle

Add support for alternative MD5 implementation through config.active_storage.checksum_implementation.
Also automatically degrade to using the slower Digest::MD5 implementation if OpenSSL::Digest::MD5
is found to be disabled because of OpenSSL FIPS mode.
Matt Pasquini, Jean Boussier
A Blob will no longer autosave associated Attachment.
This fixes an issue where a record with an attachment would have
its dirty attributes reset, preventing your after commit callbacks
on that record to behave as expected.
Note that this change doesn't require any changes on your application
and is supposed to be internal. Active Storage Attachment will continue
to be autosaved (through a different relation).
Edouard-chin

Action Mailbox

Add reply_to_address extension method on Mail::Message.
Mr0grog

Action Text

Forward fill_in_rich_text_area options to Capybara

fill_in_rich_textarea "Rich text editor", id: "trix_editor_1", with: "Hello world!"

Sean Doyle

Attachment upload progress accounts for server processing time.
Jeremy Daer
The Trix dependency is now satisfied by a gem, action_text-trix, rather than vendored
files. This allows applications to bump Trix versions independently of Rails
releases. Effectively this also upgrades Trix to >= 2.1.15.
Mike Dalessio
Change ActionText::RichText#embeds assignment from before_save to before_validation
Sean Doyle

Railties

Add command rails credentials:fetch PATH to get the value of a credential from the credentials file.
```
$ bin/rails credentials:fetch kamal_registry.password
```
Matthew Nguyen, Jean Boussier
Generate static BCrypt password digests in fixtures instead of dynamic ERB expressions.
Previously, fixtures with password digest attributes used <%= BCrypt::Password.create("secret") %>,
which regenerated the hash on each test run. Now generates a static hash with a comment
showing how to recreate it.
Nate Smith, Cassia Scheffer
Broaden the .gitignore entry when adding a credentials key to ignore all key files.
Greg Molnar
Remove unnecessary ruby-version input from ruby/setup-ruby
TangRufus
Add --reset option to bin/setup which will call db:reset as part of the setup.
DHH
Add RuboCop cache restoration to RuboCop job in GitHub Actions workflow templates.
Lovro Bikić
Skip generating mailer-related files in authentication generator if the application does
not use ActionMailer
Rami Massoud

Introduce bin/ci for running your tests, style checks, and security audits locally or in the cloud.

The specific steps are defined by a new DSL in config/ci.rb.

ActiveSupport::ContinuousIntegration.run do
  step "Setup", "bin/setup --skip-server"
  step "Style: Ruby", "bin/rubocop"
  step "Security: Gem audit", "bin/bundler-audit"
  step "Tests: Rails", "bin/rails test test:system"
end

Optionally use gh-signoff to
set a green PR status - ready for merge.

Jeremy Daer, DHH

Generate session controller tests when running the authentication generator.
Jerome Dalbert
Add bin/bundler-audit and config/bundler-audit.yml for discovering and managing known security problems with app gems.
DHH
Rails no longer generates a bin/bundle binstub when creating new applications.
The bin/bundle binstub used to help activate the right version of bundler.
This is no longer necessary as this mechanism is now part of Rubygem itself.
Edouard Chin
Add a SessionTestHelper module with sign_in_as(user) and sign_out test helpers when
running rails g authentication. Simplifies authentication in integration tests.
Bijan Rahnema
Rate limit password resets in authentication generator
This helps mitigate abuse from attackers spamming the password reset form.
Chris Oliver
Update rails new --minimal option
Extend the --minimal flag to exclude recently added features:
skip_brakeman, skip_ci, skip_docker, skip_kamal, skip_rubocop, skip_solid and skip_thruster.
eelcoj
Add application-name metadata to application layout
The following metatag will be added to app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
```
<meta name="application-name" content="Name of Rails Application">
```
Steve Polito
Use secret_key_base from ENV or credentials when present locally.
When ENV["SECRET_KEY_BASE"] or
Rails.application.credentials.secret_key_base is set for test or
development, it is used for the Rails.config.secret_key_base,
instead of generating a tmp/local_secret.txt file.
Petrik de Heus
Introduce RAILS_MASTER_KEY placeholder in generated ci.yml files
Steve Polito
Colorize the Rails console prompt even on non standard environments.
Lorenzo Zabot
Don't enable YJIT in development and test environments
Development and test environments tend to reload code and redefine methods (e.g. mocking),
hence YJIT isn't generally faster in these environments.
Ali Ismayilov, Jean Boussier
Only include PermissionsPolicy::Middleware if policy is configured.
Petrik de Heus

Guides

In the Active Job bug report template set the queue adapter to the
test adapter so that assert_enqueued_with can pass.
Andrew White
Ensure all bug report templates set config.secret_key_base to avoid
generation of tmp/local_secret.txt files when running the report template.
Andrew White